What returns to the studio coffers from box office receipts in the US vary between 40-60%, and foreign receipts are between 20-35%. And that upper end is only achievable by AAAA muscle like Disney/Star Wars. For lower profile films, or without the negotiation/strongarm tactics from the hypercorps, the very low end of that scale applies. The high end is very rarely achieved.
So lets split the difference and say 50% domestic, 27.5% foreign :
That ends up with about 127m returns.
Now lets say they got the full Disney split (normally these returns slip rapidly week-on-week as the film ages, as they want to tilt the scales towards the theatres so they keep it on screens rather than kicking it for a newer competing release).
With the Disney-level splits : 155m returns.
Raw budget of the film : ~165M. Now add marketing, studio overhead for non-directly-related but still necessary expenditures just keeping the doors open (compare this to say calculating the profit per burger at a snack stand purely on food cost and employee hours, but not adding the rent/utilities/insurance with that number).
It gets into voodoo with "Hollywood Accounting", when they creatively claim hugely popular films are financially not profitable for various reasons such as taxation, or underhanded ways of not paying profit % in contracts to various parties if applicable.
With the Polar Express, it's more raw though : the thing just didn't make the kind of box office they wanted/needed to make a 165M budget profitable. If it was a world where the studio owned 100% of theaters and didn't have any overhead whatsoever with any theatre-related operations, then the full "box office" would come to them as gross. But as noted above, the splits are massively lower. You can safely say you need to have around double the domestic box office to be reasonably successful, and ideally much more than that.
This can lean a bit in extreme situations, such as a low budget film which fails at the box office, but ends up selling a crapton of DVDs or gets heavy TV licensing. Office Space is an example of this. Or, a film which just about breaks even at box office, but sells a crapton of merchandising. Etc.
Anyway, I recommend doing some reading on the subject, it's pretty fascinating to look at, both the surprising successes, and the staggering failures. The Polar Express is far from a mega disaster, but it probably lost well into the tens of millions overall.