The Whiteboard Method
note: originally written by I'm an expert
So here's the guide I (expert) promised for a while. It is long. It didn't have to be this long, but I wanted it to be. This is for someone wanting to
dedicate themselves to Japanese to be at a level where they can genuinely read/listen (not speak) at a comfortable level at an accelerated pace. It is not for casual learners and it requires
time and dedication. I know not everyone here cares about the JLPT, but this study will without a doubt allow you to pass at least JLPT2 without an issue. Our goal is 3 months, but 4-5 is fine too. In the beginning you may only study 1-2 hours,
but by the end you will need to study at least 3 hours a day. Every day. There's no cheat days (minus obvious emergencies and issues). 3-5 months is such a short time in the grand scheme of our lives. Can you really not do something for a few fucking months?
The months that I followed this style of study essentially changed my life. It's the sole reason I am where I am in life. Such a small sacrifice for a lifetime of reward. Again, think of it like a diet. Shock your body in the beginning to make it used to it, then slowly make it just become a normal part of your life. Second nature. After the 3-5 months you will be able to learn new concepts so much more easily.
Nothing I say in here will be revolutionary. But if you do exactly what I write, I promise it will net you a result you haven't had before. The only way it doesn't is either you don't follow what I say, or you simply don't have the aptitude for learning languages and it requires even more effort on your part. This is a reality some face, and I fully disclose that I was bilingual before I ever started Japanese - an obvious advantage.
Just for simplicity's sake, Japanese is to me is divided into:
Reading/Writing (kanji), Listening, Speaking/Writing (composition), Thinking
Let's leave thinking alone for now as it's a completely separate topic that comes much later. The two things I can really focus on that will relate to most is the first two. Speaking/Writing is something that is incredibly important to the Thinking portion but I understand that it requires an ideal situation for most. It is incredibly hard for some people to have live, native Japanese people to practice with. You can do your best with all of technology's marvels, but in the end this will be the thing people struggle with the most. And it sucks, because it's the key to the switch that allows your brain to really think in another language. The biggest issue with Japanese is that the way you learn it and the way you use it are very, very different and this only becomes apparent when you do have ways of practicing it in natural settings (ie, not classes, message boards, penpals, etc). Settings where you don't have time to formulate sentences over and over, but are rather forced into actually making your brain express yourself in Japanese in the moment.
As a result, my original idea to make this guide be about
production is just not feasible. I realize for most people here the goal is
consumption. That's just how it is, so I'll cater to it. We can have a separate guide/post for the other two some time later.
Back on topic, all I can really go over here is Reading/Writing in a vocab/kanji sense and Listening (in a future post, because this shit is too long). To be fair, these are obviously incredibly important as well - especially the reading. Being able to understand is the key to being able to express. Imitation is the best way of learning. Reading or hearing something you think is useful, taking note of it, and then trying to use it will be your primary way of learning (just not language, but anything).
Reading/Writing (kanji):
What you will need:
- Some resource that has all kanji and grammar needed up to JLPT2 (meaning everything before it as well), but preferably JLPT1. Don't care how you obtain this (random website, buy a textbook), just get it. You don't have to use the JLPT list, but you do need some comprehensive list. We're basically talking about jouyou. If it comes with English translations, great, if not, you'll get serious practice by looking everything up, but it will considerably add to your study time.
I do recommend the Kanzen Master series, though I can only vouch that it used to be good, not that it still is. You do not have to spend a dime to get this stuff, but if you like having physical references, go for it.
- A whiteboard and some markers, erasers, etc. I don't suggest paper simply because it will take too much time and create waste. A whiteboard is infinite paper. I suggest mounting it on a wall. You will do all of your studying standing. You lazy motherfucker.
- Some type of dictionary. While we are not overly concerned about J->E, you will obviously have to know the basic meanings of grammar and vocab you learn if they are not readily available, and you should always stay curious and look up anything you don't know. Even a DS and the usual suspects will work. However, Jim Breen is all you really need.
Our goal here is simple, we want to be able to read Japanese at an almost native level by the end. This ability will open up so. many. doors. that I just can't put it into words enough. Forget your fuckin games and manga, you will be able to do so many of life's basic things that you could easily live in Japan without anyone holding your hand. Read listings for a job or apartment you want, understand details of agreements or contracts you sign up for, know what all of the signs and posters around you say, know all of the options at your bank.
You know all those people on gaf that say 'I learned English by playing English rpgs all day when I was a kid! Yeah me!' English has 26 letters.
English has 26 letters.
You're about to learn about 6000 individual characters, grammar points, and vocabulary in 3 months. And retain it.
Here's how. We're going to do three things. Learn kanji/vocab, learn grammar, read. I suggest beginning your studies with the kanji because it will allow you to 1. write the vocab and 2. write the grammar when you get to it. You never want to write anything but Japanese - meaning kana and kanji. No English on your whiteboard.
Kanji/vocab
What you really want to accomplish here is learning kanji along with vocab at the same time. This will get your word bank up in a much quicker fashion than studying words completely alone, and will make kanji easier to remember as well since you will associate them with words.
I've never used this site before, but here is an example of the type of list I'd expect you to use:
http://www.jlptstudy.com/N2/N2_kanji.html
You want kanji, common words, meanings to common words. You also want stroke order, but you might have to look that up separately. Stroke order is important because by about a month into your study you won't have to look it up ever for another kanji basically forever. You will simply know how to write a kanji by looking at its radicals. But it's important to know the stroke order because it will help you retain the kanji and also help you not be a lazy ass motherfucker.
Even if you are not a beginner, I suggest starting with JLPT4 kanji because it will help keep your study all encompassing. By the end of this process you will have this photographic memory of all the stuff you studied from the sheer repetition. There is no reason not to just include it all, rather than start at some arbitrary point.
Every day we learn 25 kanji and their associated common words. In short, you will learn about ~60 unique items of kanji/vocab every day. On the first day you begin with 25. Sun, moon, one, two, three, etc. You write the kanji, learn the stroke order, write the common words, learn the common word pronunciation/meaning, and repeat over and over until you have them in your short term memory. Your goal is to be able to quickly write the common words without looking at anything but your vocab list.
Let me clarify this. When we introduce each new kanji, we write just the kanji with the stroke order for a few minutes. Then once we know how to write the kanji, our goal is to learn the common word associated with it and write that. The kanji are simply what create the word. You'll realize quickly most words are more than just the one kanji you're learning, and sometimes the other kanji aren't even on your immediate list. Here's where you need to make a judgment call. You can either choose to learn the other new kanji with the word or wait until you eventually get to the kanji on whatever list you're using where more likely than not your common word will appear again.
Let's use an example. We come across the kanji 車. We learn the word car, but we also learn 自転車. Ji and ten are not in our 25 kanji today, but you obviously want to learn that the word is ji-ten-sha. Now, do you add 自転車 to your common words list to write today (meaning you learn how to write ji and ten) or do you wait until you come across at least one more of them naturally in your study before you add it to your writing list. Inevitably 自転車 will be on your writing list, the question is just when.
How many common words do we associate with each kanji? Good question. Because we want to learn vocab, the truth is it'd be great if we could do every single word on whatever list you use, preferably a list that is including JLPT vocab. The list I linked above with the kanji should be giving you common words that are required for the JLPT. However, for time and common sense, eventually certain words will become too simple for you and the need to recite them will not exist. But, because we're not just learning vocab, but also kanji,
every kanji must have at least one word associated with when you practice your writing list so that we ensure we hit every kanji daily.
'you mentioned a writing list.. da fuq is a writing list..'
Your first day of kanji study will be the only day you don't do your writing list. Starting from the second day, the first thing you do is write the common words from the previous day (by referring to some sort of master list, like the Japanese readings or the English meanings, whatever, as long as you're not looking at the actual kanji because you want to write the words from memory, not from copying). You must assign at least one master common word to each kanji, but you can do every single common word as practice (preferred until the word is truly ingrained). You can of course look at the words/kanji/meanings when you don't remember. But you're trying to commit them to memory by at least the third day of doing your writing list for each kanji.
In the beginning it will probably take only 5 minutes to do your writing list. Car, person, sun, etc. Then you learn your next 25 kanji and related vocab. Practice them. Finished. Then the next day, you write every common word you learned from ALL previous days. Next 25. Practice. Then writing list. Again and again.
Eventually what happens is writing all of the previous kanji takes longer than the hour or so you take for the new 25. I used to do kanji ever morning at 9. In the beginning I'd be done by like 10. By the end I would be working on kanji from like 9am-noon simply because of how long it took me to get through the cumulative list. I'm talking at least 2 hours of nothing but quizzing myself on previous kanji/vocab before I started anything new.
I'm sure someone is thinking.. 'that's it? I've followed the 10 new kanji a day method before.' But did you incorporate the writing, the vocab, the reciting, and dedicate hours to it? Did you overcome the challenge of going through even the simple kanji for the 900th time? Did you have the discipline to do this every single day for months? Even when the entire process eventually takes hours? And your feet hurt because you've been standing the entire time (because you're not a lazy motherfucker)? And your wrist hurts like hell because you're writing literally thousands of words every day near the end?
Every. Day. No excuses. If you can't do morning, do night. 25 kanji a day, 7 days a week, 4 weeks, an average of 700 kanji a month + thousands of vocab, takes a good 3-4 months to do. By the last few weeks you will be writing basically every jouyou kanji daily. The language will COMPLETELY CHANGE when you have these under your belt.
Again. White board. 25 kanji and associated words until you have them in your short term memory. The next day, redo from memory ALL the previous learned words and add on another 25. Do this every day until you complete the entire list. The last kanji on the list practice for at least 3 days after learning. Then you're done. Stop.
You will never have to study kanji or words again like this
for the rest of your life because you will have such a giant bank that adding new ones to it takes minimal effort.
This is boring. This is just memorization. This is just repetition.
Yes. And you will only do it for a few months. A few short fucking months and you will know enough vocab and kanji to be on equal footing with a native 18 year old. Three months to completely change your level of understanding. Stop crying.
Grammar
We treat grammar like vocabulary. That is, each grammar point is something to be remembered as if it were a simple word, and then you move on to the next. Example:
はず or べき
You understand what these mean, you understand their formation, you find/read a couple examples. You write it on your white board. Done. You can literally learn these grammar points in 5 minutes each.
Hazu means this. Here's the formation. If I see it, understand it as this. The end.
Some grammar are very quick like this, and then are some that are more complex like ..うと..まいと where there are multiple parts. It doesn't matter. You can still memorize JLPT1 grammar the same way.
So how do we learn them? 10 grammar points a day. Using whatever resource you have, you learn the grammar point, understand how to form it, and then simply write the grammar point on your white board while reciting the definition. If you want to maybe copy an example sentence on to the whiteboard as well, that's fine, but obviously takes more time. What we're trying to do is treat grammar as these tiny tools that we can use when the situation needs - exactly like a word. If you were in a store and wanted an apple, what would you ask the clerk for? Ringo. It pops in your head. Similarly, if you wanted to tell someone that they should do something, what pops in your head? Beki.
On the first day you do 10. The next day, you begin your grammar study be reviewing the prior day's 10 and writing them on the white board. When I say write, I mean in Japanese the way you see them. Hiragana, kanji, everything. You then learn your new 10. The next day you go over the previous 20, and so on and so forth. You never begin learning your new 10 until you have gone through EVERY grammar point from before. Before you know it, going through every grammar point from prior takes an hour.
For beginners, obviously begin from a JLPT4 level of grammar. Even for non-beginners you might as well start from the bottom (like drizzy) so you're encompassing all grammar points. By day 4 or 5 you will say 'fuck this, I don't want to go over the first 40 grammar points, I've done them before, this is boring'. You have failed the method and can stop studying. Fuck off now, please.
We go over every. single. prior. learned. point every day before we learn another 10.
We're trying to make grammar be as simple as learning vocab. Grammar points as tools are easier to manage than these giant complex ideas. Let me help you visualize it. Here's jgram, a site I actually used in the early 2000s and even contributed example sentences too (through breen). I have no clue whether it's been updated or not or how recent it is, but here's the jlpt2 list they have:
http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewList.php?lv=2
See how each grammar point is short and sweet in list form? Point, formation, meaning, example. You could read every grammar point here in less than an hour. You have now read every major grammar point needed to be at an advanced level of Japanese. In less than an hour. When you picture Japanese like this, it seems way, way easier. If you can get through this list (along with the previous levels' lists, and, if you want, the one after) then you can genuinely understand more than 90% of anything in written Japanese (the remaining 10% is still quite large but is really specific stuff).
Again. Review any previous points learned. Then take a new 10. Read them, learn them, write them on your whiteboard. Do this until you complete the list. The last 10 on your list should be repeated at least 3 days before you feel comfortable with it. Then you're done. Stop.
This is boring. This is just memorization. This is just repetition.
Yes. And you will only do it for 3 months. Three short fucking months and you will know MORE than the required grammar you need to carry a basic convo or watch tv. Three months to completely change your level of understanding. Stop crying.
Reading
Read. Just read. In the beginning, read simple stuff, later on, read intermediate stuff, then read some advanced stuff. I think we've gone over plenty of example reading stuff in this thread that I don't need to dedicate a giant section to it. I won't tell you what to read or how long to. Just read.
Reading is what will SOLIDIFY THE KANJI, VOCAB, AND GRAMMAR YOU STUDIED BY SEEING IT IN A NATURAL CONTEXT.
The ONE big thing I did was this. When I came across a word or kanji I didn't know, I'd look up the meaning/reading and add it to a separate list than my kanji/vocab list. There's a very high chance that the word/kanji is indeed on your kanji list, just maybe not until an advanced level. So again you have a choice. Just learn the word and meaning and wait until you encounter it in your kanji study, or you go through the full blown process of learning the kanji and practicing the word as if it were on your writing list. Regardless of what method you choose, by doing a bit of kanji/vocab study like this in your reading, you will significantly reduce the time it takes to learn new kanji during your kanji study.
Example. You read 必要 in something. You learn how to read it and what it means, and write the kanji a few times, but basically put it out of your mind for now. A few weeks later on during your kanji study 必 is one of your kanji and you spend much less time with it since it's familiar and 必要 is one of the words.
All of these small things add up so that you're not spending as much time on the learning part but way more on the retaining it part. Reading will eventually be something you just do naturally and not have to dedicate a specific time slot for.
Final Note
So I did the above stuff every day for about 3 months. My schedule looked like this:
~9am - kanji/vocab
~10am - grammar
~11am - reading
~noon - other stuff not covered in this post
However, like I mentioned above in each section, eventually each section takes longer and longer. I was spending ~3 hours on kanji alone near the end. The trade off is you will finish grammar much, much earlier than kanji due to there being much less. Once you've finished your grammar list, you're done. Then it's just up to you how you maintain it - the obvious method being reading. Once you finish your kanji list, you're done. You don't keep writing all 2k kanji every day. You're done. You simply maintain it in a different way - reading.
Reading is the only thing you will continue after you're done with kanji/grammar. And you can do that for 10 minutes or 10 hours.
You will never write on a whiteboard ever again after these few months. Never. I promise. I haven't once. Never once.