#14 Response
As stated in the Clack et al. article: "The life-cycle GHG emissions for nuclear power generation in [ref. 22] include the emissions of the background fossil-based power system during an assumed planning and construction period for up to 19 y per nuclear plant. Added to these emissions, the effects of a nuclear war, which is assumed to periodically reoccur on a 30-y cycle, are included in the analysis of emissions and mortality of civilian nuclear power." (Emphasis added). In the almost 60 years of civilian nuclear power (two of the assumed war cycles), there have been no nuclear exchanges. The existence of nuclear weapons does not depend on civil power production from uranium. Whether the values cited happen to fall within the range of IPCC or not is in this case irrelevant, since nuclear and other potentially contributing sources to the system were excluded from consideration, based on what can only be described as a highly "selective assessment" of its merits. No opportunity costs related to planning and construction time of offshore wind farms were included in the [22] study. The only operational US offshore wind farm (the 30 MW Block Island Wind Farm) had a planning, permitting & construction period well above the upper limit of Jacobson et al. values (7+ years). The largest proposed off-shore wind farm (468 MW Cape Wind) is now in its 16th year of planning and permitting – it is not yet operational.