Disclaimer: I have not played this game yet, but I've always found the idea interesting. Maybe someone else can chime in to say if the game is good or not.
There's this PC game called
Miasmata, where you have a map, but in order to reveal more of the map you have to triangulate your position and track landmarks. This video shows how this is done quite nicely.
Second this. It's one of my favorite games.
I even did a write up some time ago about it.
I came in to post this, so consider this a second for Miasmata. It's a really interesting idea for a game, and once I got over the hump of understanding the controls and the general idea of the gameplay I had a really enjoyable few hours with it. You won't realise how much you rely on minimaps and waypoints in games until you play this one. It's all about being lost in a jungle with nothing but a map and compass, and it forces you to pay attention to your surroundings in a way I've never experienced anywhere else. With no HUD element to tell you where you are in the world, navigation becomes a matter of finding high ground to get a clear sight line, identifying visual landmarks, manually finding those same landmarks on a physical map, then triangulating your own location using a compass. It's really cool.
Beware that it is also pretty janky, though, or at least it was back when I played it (which, admittedly, might be a decade ago at this point. For all I know they could have patched it ages ago). I ended up getting stuck due to a weird quirk where I couldn't navigate at night because the game wouldn't let me use a torch
and see my map and compass at the same time. You hit the button to switch to map and compass and your torch just disappears into some nether realm, and night is 100% pitch black so you can't see anything, and then eventually my torch went out entirely and I couldn't relight it, so... that was it. But, hey, I still had plenty of fun along the way.