As a legal argument, I believe that: The problem is that there is a difference between "natural" personhood and judicial (juridical?) personhood. Example: Corporations vs. individuals. Married couples as a singular unit versus the two individuals who are married. Even when parties attempt to argue that abortion should be illegal, their arguments in parlance and before the courts tend towards being an argument in favor of the state having the right to intervene on behalf of the unborn over the mother's personal autonomy. It inevitably becomes a state right vs person's rights debate, not a person's rights against fetal rights. Judicial personhood can be granted or taken away, while "natural" personhood can not. Arguments of natural personhood for the unborn have been flat out rejected countless times; A fetus doesn't have the right to an attorney, it's a damn fetus. There are not laws or case rulings against fetal misconduct because fetuses just aren't natural persons.
You make a valid point.
I guess at the end of the day it just comes out to the fetus vs. the mother, or as you propose the State vs. the mother.
However, I don’t think the issue is about universally legal abortion versus universally outlawing it. If they tried to outlaw it completely they would go nowhere. Their point, which is valid, is that the right to an abortion or the right that you mentioned about autonomy, is not mentioned in the Constitution whatsoever, and as such it should be delegated to the States to decide. The same goes with gay marriage. I think a good chunk and perhaps a majority of the conservatives just dislike the immense legislative power the Court has gained, that was never its purpose.
At the end of the day, nobody should rely on any of the Court’s decisions as being permanent or irreversible, as they can be changed relatively easily. There is no firm foundation for either side and I would imagine the conservatives are upset that the Court are essentially creating discount amendments when it shouldn’t be doing that.
Obviously some conservatives might wish it was outlawed permanently but I believe a lot of them would be satisfied with giving the States the right to decide.
However, once again, if people wish to make either issue universal and/or grant everyone new rights, it should be done through amendments, not the Court.
Otherwise a progressive SCOTUS can just pass rulings that are essentially discount amendments that make the right furious because there was no universal agreement and a conservative SCOTUS will make rulings and discount amendments that make the left furious because there wasn’t any agreement.
Back in the day, the Court’s job was to determine if things were or were not Constitutional, it was not supposed to make things legal or illegal on a federal level.
So when it comes to abortions, let’s say the Court ruled in favor and said it was constitutional under certain areas of the Constitution. It doesn’t matter what the Court said, it would have and arguably should have zero impact. The idea would be that upon saying it is constitutional, people would work toward a piece of legislation or an amendment that would actually make it (more definitively and explicitly) constitutional. Anything that would actually give the ruling depth and a foundation to hold it up.
As for the fetus rights, you have some fair points. To my knowledge, you need to be an adult to have rights similar to the right to an attorney, or at least you need to be a certain age. At the same time, children and juveniles have rights too, even if they have less rights compared to adults, like being under the custody of an adult (or arguably not having autonomy to do much of anything until they are an adult). So I can still see them arguing for the rights of a fetus, even if they might have overall less rights than a child or adult.