Cats don't pee outside the box because they're mad at anyone. That's a myth.
Exactly. Cat's capabilities to hold grudges are vastly overestimated by humans, who simply project human behaviour on them; and even if they did, they can't make a logical leap like "peeing here" = "punishing my owner".
I told my SO about this, and her immediate comment was "is the sofa leather?". From the pic I'm assuming it is. There's certain materials that cats seem to dislike the smell of or rather they want to "overwrite" with their own (feathers being another, which is why feather duvets are also frequent victims of this).
Once a cat forms the habit of peeing somewhere, they will often repeat this behaviour, because a) they're animals that love routine, and b) the place already smells of pee, i.e. a "cat toilet". Sometimes getting rid of all traces of odor helps (not just what humans can smell; cats are obviously much more sensitive), sometimes it doesn't.
If using smells they don't like, as suggested in the thread, doesn't work, try a kind of opposite approach: leaving a bowl with food where cats pee usually deters them from doing so, as they never pee where they eat. Obviously this is easier when the specific spot is on the ground, but if you can put a bowl with food on your spot of the couch whenever you're not in there, it may break the habit.
If the cat is peeing outside the box it's almost certainly because the box is either filthy and needs to be cleaned more regularly, or something hurts when he pees and he has begun to associate that pain with the box so he goes somewhere else he feels comfortable, which is often a place that smells like their favorite human.
Yep. In more general terms, cats tend to do this if they feel more confortable doing it there than their litter box. The first thing to rule out is urinary infections, bladder crystals and so on, but besides these causes, a very common one is litter itself; some litter is actually irritant to cats, silica most prominently.
To put her down. Can't stand cats.
I guess I should not post my answer to that if I don't want to get banned.