Moe: Japanese Slang Word that refers to feelings of strong affection mainly towards characters in anime, manga, and video games.
I am, admittedly, a bit of a weeaboo. I've always preferred Japanese anime aesthetics and Japanese game design sensibilities and my love of these two things have led me to pursuing animation and design in the games industry. What I mean to say is that I owe a lot to the old school anime and video games of my childhood.
That being said, since the mid 2000s, I've found myself growing increasingly resentful to new developments in the previously mentioned industries. I think you can guess where I'm going with this: I don't like the shift towards overt fan service that has taken place in Japanese animation and video games. For a long time, I had felt that this was simply a matter of there being
more sexually charged media now than there had been when I was a child, but I think that is factually incorrect. In fact, many of the shows I loved growing up had
problematic designs for female characters (Faye Valentine) and bad representation (Melfina in Outlaw Star). The difference between now and then, however, comes down to something that has wiggled its way deeply into seinen (adult male skewing) and shonen (young male skeweing) shows alike: Moe.
Is she eating her hair?
Moe was, for a very long time, associated with vapid slice-of-life shows about cute girls doing cute things. The release of several Moe shows in the mid 2000s started a sort of Shōjo renaissance, leading to a flood of 'cute girls doing cute things' style shows that were, at the time, a breath of fresh air compared to the endless parade of shonen giant-robot shows and ultra-dark, increasingly contrived seinen shows. However, as these moe shows caught on with a male audience, a change began to take form.
The most noticeable immediate change was in drawing/modeling style. Compare female lead characters from the 90s and early 2000s with characters from today. Compare Black Lagoon's Levy to 2b. Compare Tifa to Pyra (or any of the female characters from Xenoblade, really). The female characters features in shonen and seinen media have grown more exaggeratedly effeminate and adolescent while still retaining their overt sexualization. In other words, characters appear to look younger than they are while still retaining classic anime sexualization.
Yet its' not only in character inception and design that that moe sinks it's vapid, quivering tentacles. I think the much worse and more pervasive way moe has shifted characterization is in animation and how women are animated in games and anime. This is so subtle that I don't even know what to call it, but I find certain animations to be completely stomach churning. The most obvious example is when a female character is suddenly rotoscoped or animated at a much higher frame rate than male counterparts (for animators out there, when characters are drawn on 1's instead of 2's or 3's). An example:
Man, the wind in this building is pretty extreme. Better shut the window.... Oh, wait...
Notice how fluid the animation is and how much extra attention is paid to her micro movements. The POV shot and the more realistic frame rate are leveraged to draw the viewer into this characters cloying 'cuteness' and establish moe style feelings of affection. "But Saint Pride," you're saying, "This is just anime trash. We're on a video game forum."
NO, YOU LICK THE FROG!
The fact that Nintendo chose to lean on Moe stylings for Zelda showcases just how little attention this character got in her actual characterization. Acting 'cute', innocent, and vulnerable coupled with extreme closeups and soft lighting are simply Otaku baiting shortcuts at best, and at worse full on leaning into harmful female stereotyping by applying childlike movement and characterization to a young women.
There are many, many more examples of this sort of character style in Japanese media, but Zelda's struck me as particularly egregious because I had hoped Nintendo would be above it. Moe trash like the characters of Xenoblade Chronicles 2 is basically expected at this point, but for moe styling to find its way into general audience is annoying and questionable.
Ok, so where do we go from here? Why bring this up at all? Well, as we continue to talk about representation in gaming and both the overt and invisible ways groups are represented in our hobby, this felt like an area that has been left mostly unexplored. I think it goes without saying that sex and sexy things are not in and of themselves bad, nor is media made specifically for this purpose. But when we find certain patterns emerging in general audience media, or even niche media where such things are otherwise unnecessary, I feel like we should really reflect on what this says about ourselves and the cultures that consume said media.
So what do you guys think? I personally find it troubling that Moe styling is being used to infantilize female characters. I think manga, anime, and video games that side-step these shortcuts and tricks should be praised. I think we should expect better characterization across the board and better representation in all media.