Before children, there was no gender gap — men and women each did about 14.5 hours of housework a week. (The researchers did not know whether these couples were always so equitable, or whether the men picked up more of the slack while the women were pregnant.)
But after a birth, women's total work — including paid work, housework and child care — increased 21 hours a week and men's increased 12.5 hours. For women, but not men, child care did not substitute for any of their existing work; it was all supplemental.
"Most males say they want to have a high-achieving partner," Ms. Yavorsky said. "However, that very much changes after a birth of a baby and other highly gendered, ritualized time periods."
New fathers and mothers each worked about the same number of hours at their jobs. Fathers did five fewer hours of housework, while mothers did the same amount they always had. Over all, mothers spent an additional three hours a day on home and child chores, while fathers spent roughly one hour and 45 more minutes.
The researchers found less of a gap in time spent playing or reading with children than in physical child care tasks like dressing, bathing and feeding a baby. For women, the additional time came at the expense of their leisure time