My wife takes this for lupus and if it suddenly become hard to get because people are using it inappropriately I’m gonna be so mad. It’s also known to cause blindness in long term use if I’m not mistaken so it’s not “perfect”.
Correct, but that's also why we're still studying it's potential, to see if it is used or has to be used n a way that triggers that effect.My wife takes this for lupus and if it suddenly become hard to get because people are using it inappropriately I’m gonna be so mad. It’s also known to cause blindness in long term use if I’m not mistaken so it’s not “perfect”.
You (and a lot of regular users) might be extremely important right now.I've been taking plaquinel for over a decade. guess I'm immune.
isnt it a prescription med?And now the medicine is sold out everywhere and everyone who bought will self-medicate with probable disastrous outcomes, the main one is shortage of medicine to those who really need it... smh
Exactly the same here ! I was surprised at the shortage, I guess I know why now.My wife takes this for lupus and if it suddenly become hard to get because people are using it inappropriately I’m gonna be so mad. It’s also known to cause blindness in long term use if I’m not mistaken so it’s not “perfect”.
You need a prescription to get it lol. So how is it sold out everywhere?And now the medicine is sold out everywhere and everyone who bought will self-medicate with probable disastrous outcomes, the main one is shortage of medicine to those who really need it... smh
Governments bought it all?You need a prescription to get it lol. So how is it sold out everywhere?
It’s the only “sick person” he cares about.This dude will say anything to get the precious stock market back up.
Patients pressure doctors to prescribe it or doctors knowingly going off label. A small amount of extra demand will rapidly deplete a pharmacy (pharmacy's keep enough supply for a day or two of typical demand and make orders each night to repelenish supply). The suppliers and drug manufacturer's are used to producing a specific amount for a specific demand, so even small surges in demand locally could produce large shortages at the national and international level.You need a prescription to get it lol. So how is it sold out everywhere?
Apparently FDA has approved it now for compassionate use (according to ABC news).If I had a loved one who was ill with COVID19, I would ask the doctor to prescribe the same drugs in the French study off-label and/or remdesivir which is being used on compassionate grounds.
Not gonna sit around waiting for the FDA to take several months or however they normally work just to conduct a first wave study.
You are painting a grim picture over a medicine that's been safe to use for over 50 years. And as far as I am aware, doctors are approved to apply therapeutics by discretion, like intubation and sedation or drugs with confirmed and logical potential.
All drug's carry a risk. There needs to be a demonstrated benefit such that the potential positive outweigh the potential negatives. It would be irresponsible to just start handing this stuff out like candy.I hope the med gets fast tracked in approval for use. It's a generic well-studied drug so I'm not aware of any downsides to using it.
There won't be sick people to hand it out to if we don't do it soon.All drug's carry a risk. There needs to be a demonstrated benefit such that the potential positive outweigh the potential negatives. It would be irresponsible to just start handing this stuff out like candy.
Withholding a medication that may save their life when the medication itself is well-studied and has few side effects could also be argued as irresponsible.All drug's carry a risk. There needs to be a demonstrated benefit such that the potential positive outweigh the potential negatives. It would be irresponsible to just start handing this stuff out like candy.
There are going to be plenty of sick people for quite some time to come.There won't be sick people to hand it out to if we don't do it soon.
What I mean is, this virus takes 2 weeks to either let your average healthy person recover, or kill an at-risk person, or possibly even kill an unlucky healthy person.There are going to be plenty of sick people for quite some time to come.
If you've completed a study demonstrating its efficacy, please submit it and enlighten the rest of us. Otherwise, you're assuming it will help people and that its positives outweigh the negatives. Without further study, we don't know. This could be a useful medication for all COV-19 patients, some patients, or no patients. It could be harmful to all, some, or none. And the degree of benefit or harm may vary as well.There won't be sick people to hand it out to if we don't do it soon.
Is that your experience as someone who regularly prescribes this medication and/or manages patients who take this medication? This isn't a rhetorical question and I'm not being sassy; if you're an expert in this field, I'd like to know.Withholding a medication that may save their life when the medication itself is well-studied and has few side effects could also be argued as irresponsible.
I am involved in planning our regional response for COVID-19. I would appreciate feedback on the reasoning outlined below. I have convinced myself that it makes sense, but am looking for independent feedback and have been struggling to get it.
I would greatly appreciate it if someone could knit-pick this with a fine tooth comb and try and find some mistake I've made (off by a order of magnitude?, etc.), or provide argument why this is a dumb idea.
Edit: more evidence of safety of the once weekly dosing of CQ
Also, I am open to changing the loading dose to that mentioned by commenters to 500mg of CQ at 0- and 6-hours.
Outbreaks of human coronavirus infections have often been centered around hospitals and health-care providers in their early stages. This was seen with SARS-CoV-1 in 2003-04,[1], [2] MERS-CoV in 2018-19[3], and SARS-Cov-2 in 2020.[4] It is presumably related to the non-specific symptoms of these illnesses early in their clinical course coupled with close contact of health-care providers with infected patients in hospital, and inadequate personal protective equipment use.[3]
Infection of health-care providers with highly morbid human coronaviruses is problematic not just due to their subsequent role in propagating infection among vulnerable inpatients, but due to the impact of illness in health-care workers on adequate staffing during an epidemic. This would be expected to be even more pronounced during an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, given the potential for asymptomatic spread of disease.[5]
As a result, available pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis of health-care workers for SARS-Cov-2 would be ideal. An effective agent would be expected to both prevent spread of disease in hospitals, and maximize the workforce available to provide patient care during an epidemic situation.
To date, there are no known effective treatments for COVID-19, though a number of clinical trials are currently ongoing. The antimalarial chloroquine (CQ) has shown early promise among these. Preliminary results suggest the CQ is superior to control for shortening disease severity, inhibiting exacerbation of pneumonia, improving imaging findings, and improving virus-negative conversion.[6] No significant adverse events were noted in this cohort. As a result, treatment of COVID-19 with CQ has been recommended for inclusion in Chinese national clinical practice guidelines. While CQ has been used to treat malaria and rheumatological diseases for decades, it’s mechanism of action is complex and not fully understood. Due to its basic pKa, CQ preferentially accumulates within cellular lysosomes, subsequently causing lysosomal pH to increase, altering lysosomal function. This has a large number of downstream cellular effects.[7]
In SARS-CoV-1 infection, viral infection is mediated by viral Spike glycoprotein binding to the membrane-bound exopeptidase, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is expressed at high levels in Type II Alveolar Cells in the lungs. This binding allows the virus to be phagocytosed into cellular endosomes, with subsequent viral entry into the cytoplasm being dependent on an acidic endosomal pH.[8] Specifically, membrane-fusion is dependent on cellular proteases such as cathepsin B and L splitting viral S-protein into S1 and S2 subunits, with the resulting S2 subunit mediating membrane fusion. Cathepsin B and L activity are inhibited by an elevated endosomal pH.
In vitro studies of SARS-Cov-1 infection in a primate cell line showed that CQ was an effective pre- and post-infective antiviral agent.[9] Specifically, CQ-induced altered ACE2 glycosylation was felt to be the mechanism by which pretreatment prevented infection (by inhibiting S-protein binding and subsquent phagocytosis), and CQ-induced increased endosomal pH (and resulting inhibited protease activity) was felt to be the mechanism by which treatment of existing infection had an antiviral effect.
SARS-Cov-2 infection has been shown to be mediated by the same pathophysiological process as SARS-Cov-1.[10] Recent studies of CQ in vitro with SARS-CoV-2 infection of primate cell lines confirmed the same pre- and post-infective antiviral properties were present as with SARS-CoV-1.[11] Specifically, the EC90 was found to be 6.9uM, and the EC50 was 1.13uM.
Serum concentrations of CQ can be found in this range in patients on CQ for other therapeutic indications. Patients taking 500mg/d of CQ salt (8.3mg/kg/d) were found to have a serum concentration of CQ of 10uM.[12] Unfortunately, patients taking this high of dose of CQ for prolonged periods of time are at risk of developing retinopathy – the maximum daily dose of CQ recommended by guidelines from the American Academy of Ophthalmology are 2.3mg/kg/d based on actual body weight.[13]
Fortunately, CQ has an extremely high volume of distribution. As a result of this, tissue concentrations are significantly higher than serum levels. In the lung, the target organ of SARS-CoV-2 infection, concentrations of CQ are 200-1200x serum values.[14] This would suggest that a steady-state serum concentration of CQ much lower than the EC90 of SARS-CoV-2 would be associated with a target tissue concentration above the EC90. The steady-state serum concentration of 500mg of CQ taken once weekly is 0.1uM,[12] which given the above reasoning, would be expected to lead to a lung concentration above the reported EC90 of SARS-CoV-2. 500mg of CQ taken once weekly is the malaria prophylaxis dose of CQ. This dose is extremely well-tolerated with minimal side-effects in most patients, and well below the threshold dose known to be associated with an increased risk of retinopathy.
Given that the duration of pre-exposure prophylaxis could be on the order of months, the use of a dose well below the threshold associated with an increased risk of retinopathy is preferred. If exposure to SARS-CoV-2 cases is relatively infrequent, then a short course (say, the duration of the potential incubation period of infection) of a higher dose could be used a form of post-exposure prophylaxis, allowing maximal tissue concentrations in the days after exposure, while minimizing possible side-effects. In healthcare providers providing daily care to patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection for a prolonged period of time, this higher dose could still be taken regularly with minimal risk of side-effects, provided the total treatment duration was less than a year.
CQ also has an extremely long half-life, in the order of 3-5 days. This unfortunately means that therapeutic steady state concentrations are not reached until after weeks of therapeutic dosing, unless a loading dose is received.[12] When CQ is used to treat acute malaria, a loading regimen of 1000mg at 0h, 24h, and then 500mg at 48h is used as a result. This dosage schedule has been shown to rapidly increase serum levels in humans, with a serum concentration greater than 1uM achieved continuously within hours of the first dose.[15] The implication of this is that if CQ was used for post-exposure prophylaxis, a loading dose would be required. Given the rapidly changing environment of an epidemic, waiting several weeks to achieve a therapeutic steady state concentration may also be impractical, suggesting utility in using a loading dose even for pre-exposure prophylaxis dosing.
Based on the above reasoning, I would suggest the following dosing regimens of CQ if used prophylactically in healthcare workers to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection:
Pre-exposure prophylaxis: Loading dose: 1000mg of chloroquine salt (600mg base) taken at 0-hours, 24-hours, and then the first 500mg dose (300mg base) taken at 48-hours. Ongoing treatment: 500mg chloroquine salt (300mg base) taken once weekly.
Post-exposure prophylaxis: Loading dose: 1000mg of chloroquine salt (600mg base) taken at 0-hours, 24-hours, and then 500mg of chloroquine salt (300mg base) at 48-hours. Ongoing treatment: 500mg chloroquine salt (300mg base) taken daily for 12 days.'
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is nearly identical in structure to CQ and has a similar mechanism of action and therapeutic efficacy in rheumatological and infectious diseases. Like CQ, it also has a long half-life, and a very high volume of distribution. It is similarly concentrated in the lung, with tissue levels 2 orders of magnitude higher than serum levels at steady-state.[14] Kinetic studies of once weekly dosing show a nadir serum concentration of approximately 0.1uM.[16] However, the risk of retinopathy is somewhat lower with HCQ, with retinal toxicity only occurring at doses greater than 5mg/kg/day real body weight for several years. HCQ is also more readily available in some countries than CQ. While it would seem that HCQ should be as efficacious as CQ in preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection, there are no data yet to support this, though a clinical trial using HCQ to treat COVID-19 is currently underway in China.[6] Were HCQ to be used for SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis in health-care workers, the following dosing would seem reasonable:
- Edit: it has been suggested below by u/Pandalite to replace the loading dose regimens describe above with: 500mg of CQ salt at 0-hr, then 6-hour. Though I don't have pharmacokinetic data I've found yet to support that it will lead to target levels, I would expect that it would.*
Pre-exposure prophylaxis: Loading dose: 800mg of hydroxychloroquine salt (620mg base) taken at 0-hours, then 400mg (310mg base) taken at 6-hours, 24-hours, and 48-hours. Ongoing treatment: 400mg hydroxychloroquine salt (310mg base) taken once weekly.
Post-exposure prophylaxis: Loading dose: 800mg of hydroxychloroquine salt (620mg base) taken at 0-hours, then 400mg (310mg base) taken at 6-hours, 24-hours, and 48-hours. Ongoing treatment: 400mg hydroxychloroquine salt (310mg base) taken daily for 12 days.
It should be noted that the above reasoning is based solely on biological plausibility, which is an extremely low-level of evidence. Ideally, the suggestions made above would be verified clinically before usage. However, the expected minimal harm with the above dosing regimens, coupled with potential benefits in an epidemic situation, could support prophylactic usage in health-care providers even before clinical studies are performed.
OK, yes, so it is approved under the "compassionate use" clause the FDA has.Apparently FDA has approved it now for compassionate use (according to ABC news).
Yes. It's been making the rounds for a while.
I skipped a page and thought this was a weird House MD joke.Yea we need the data NOW on lupus patients if they contracted Covid19
Although that thought crossed my mind, it's still a valid statement!
My wife briefly took it for rheumatoid arthritis but she's allergic to it.My wife takes this for lupus and if it suddenly become hard to get because people are using it inappropriately I’m gonna be so mad. It’s also known to cause blindness in long term use if I’m not mistaken so it’s not “perfect”.
I'm an outpatient cardiology nurse. Not an expert by any means, but if I have to go to the ICU to take care of these patients I would definitely want to do so with a prophylactic prescription.If you've completed a study demonstrating its efficacy, please submit it and enlighten the rest of us. Otherwise, you're assuming it will help people and that its positives outweigh the negatives. Without further study, we don't know. This could be a useful medication for all COV-19 patients, some patients, or no patients. It could be harmful to all, some, or none. And the degree of benefit or harm may vary as well.
Is that your experience as someone who regularly prescribes this medication and/or manages patients who take this medication? This isn't a rhetorical question and I'm not being sassy; if you're an expert in this field, I'd like to know.
edit: https://www.reddit.com/r/medicine/comments/fbfj0r/covid19_prophylaxis_in_healthcare_workers/
Yeah I can't blame any medical staff for feeling that way. You're asking these people to be around COVID patients all day, it's fair for them to ask for hydroxcholorquine as a preventative measure.I'm an outpatient cardiology nurse. Not an expert by any means, but if I have to go to the ICU to take care of these patients I would definitely want to do so with a prophylactic prescription.
Different scenario. If someone is in the ICU on a vent and continuing to decline, then sure. You can offer all kinds of experimental therapies. Because there really is nothing to lose. Happens all the time.Withholding a medication that may save their life when the medication itself is well-studied and has few side effects could also be argued as irresponsible.
The medicine is very safe. It's only real side effect is retinopathy. Which happens in a small percentage after years of chronic use. Even then I've never seen it in any of my Rheum patients. Patients on hydroxychloroquine are supposed to get periodic eye exams to assess if retinopathy is developing.If you've completed a study demonstrating its efficacy, please submit it and enlighten the rest of us. Otherwise, you're assuming it will help people and that its positives outweigh the negatives. Without further study, we don't know. This could be a useful medication for all COV-19 patients, some patients, or no patients. It could be harmful to all, some, or none. And the degree of benefit or harm may vary as well.
Is that your experience as someone who regularly prescribes this medication and/or manages patients who take this medication? This isn't a rhetorical question and I'm not being sassy; if you're an expert in this field, I'd like to know.
edit: https://www.reddit.com/r/medicine/comments/fbfj0r/covid19_prophylaxis_in_healthcare_workers/
If you're an elderly patient that tests positive for COVID19, I think it should be prescribed if further efficacy is shown.Different scenario. If someone is in the ICU on a vent and continuing to decline, then sure. You can offer all kinds of experimental therapies. Because there really is nothing to lose. Happens all the time.
As a general treatment for anyone who tests positive for COVID19? That's what further studies are needed for.
The medicine is very safe. It's only real side effect is retinopathy. Which happens in a small percentage after years of chronic use. Even then I've never seen it in any of my Rheum patients. Patients on hydroxychloroquine are supposed to get periodic eye exams to assess if retinopathy is developing.
That reddit link is interesting. I've been thinking myself that any pre or post ppx is going to be needed for health care workers. I'm convinced I'm going to get the virus eventually with how often I'm in the hospital treating patients. Hopefully plaquenil works.
Yes and no. Usually, if there's a drug that proves very efficacious and it's utility to society is large ( think vaccines) then the FDA can fast track it. Don't know if it was explained later in the threadIsn't the FDA notoriously slow at approving new drugs? At least compared to Western/Northern Europe?
China has been using it for a month or so.
We leave names like that to history.China has been using it for a month or so.
The SARS-CoV-2 (the actual designated name for this virus) Wiki is actually pretty cool. It's like a live update of everything you need to know.
Honestly, I don't understand why we just don't call it SARS2: Revengence.
Finally I found the thread where the real discussion is happeningSo will Far Cry 6 bring back the malaria mechanic except your character has COVID-19 instead?
Speaking of names, why isn't it CORVID-19?
same medIs there a good summary of what's going on? The OP talks about Hydroxychloroquine but now we're talking about Plaquinel? Just a little confused.
I understand what you mean, but making public a cure that doesn't work in the end has another consequence: people will stop worrying about the virus if they think it's just a matter of swallowing a few pills, and won't take precautions anymore, which will propagate the virus faster.I wouldn't want to be the person who spent a moment debating whether we should do something like this. Even if it fails, there will be other drugs. But there won't be other moms and dads and grandparents.
The greatest president with the world's best crisis management abilities. Simply the most effective leadership available anywhere.
Oh. Lol. That explains it perfectly.
yup, my sister has lupus and has been taking it, she might be more resistant to the covid19 virus than me lolGood old hydroxychloroquine. If you've got an autoimmune rheumatological condition, you may have met this fellow before. This drug has quite a nice CV.
The discussion around this drug and the general response to the virus in the west is really infuriating. I will preface the rest of my post by simply saying I hope this(and other potential remedies) pan out and can save lives.I understand what you mean, but making public a cure that doesn't work in the end has another consequence: people will stop worrying about the virus if they think it's just a matter of swallowing a few pills, and won't take precautions anymore, which will propagate the virus faster.
That's why Trump's anoucement is criminally irresponsible. It's going to increase casualities, and he does it only to downplay a crisis he contributed to. Hell, I wouldn't be surprised if he bought stocks from the laboratories producing those pills just before running with this.
Yeah, after looking into this a bit more, I realize my initial reaction was a bit too reflexive. The only side effect I could remember was the increased retinopathy which required an eye check before going on it and 5 years thereafter and I assumed there were more risks than that. I should've done a bit more reading before jumping into the discussion.I'm an outpatient cardiology nurse. Not an expert by any means, but if I have to go to the ICU to take care of these patients I would definitely want to do so with a prophylactic prescription.
I'm glad you found it interesting. I've edited my post to include that reddit post in its entirety if you'd like to refer back to it later since I suspect that reddit post may be removed at some point.Different scenario. If someone is in the ICU on a vent and continuing to decline, then sure. You can offer all kinds of experimental therapies. Because there really is nothing to lose. Happens all the time.
As a general treatment for anyone who tests positive for COVID19? That's what further studies are needed for.
The medicine is very safe. It's only real side effect is retinopathy. Which happens in a small percentage after years of chronic use. Even then I've never seen it in any of my Rheum patients. Patients on hydroxychloroquine are supposed to get periodic eye exams to assess if retinopathy is developing.
That reddit link is interesting. I've been thinking myself that any pre or post ppx is going to be needed for health care workers. I'm convinced I'm going to get the virus eventually with how often I'm in the hospital treating patients. Hopefully plaquenil works.
Sorry, forgot to clarify, I'm from Brazil and here, even though a prescription's required, no one enforces it.You need a prescription to get it lol. So how is it sold out everywhere?
Doctors immediately began writing for it. My wife and a bunch of other pharmacist began refusing. They informed doctors they couldn't write for it. Some ordered extra to protect current patients depending on it.You need a prescription to get it lol. So how is it sold out everywhere?
How can anybody standing listening to how this fucking moron speaks?! I can’t get over this, 4-5 years later. Jesus Christ. Such important information and he just sounds like a moronOK, yes, so it is approved under the "compassionate use" clause the FDA has.
Title should probably be updated.