I've read the Blaster Master novelization, plus an SF2 story that wasn't exactly a novelization, but was released on the cover of a magazine and was half cheat book, half novella.
Similarly in the 8-bit and early 16-bit days I recall a few novellas that accompanied games: Starglider and Starglider 2 definitely had ones, and I think Driller did as well. Oh, and Eden Song from the Silicon Dreams text adventure trilogy, too. I suspect there are more that aren't springing to mind currently.
It doesn't really count, but I probably should highlight that I read Frederick Pohl's Gateway after playing through the Legend text adventure inspired by it. The same goes for Companions of Xanth, I read Demons Don't Dream after playing the game.
I own - but haven't read - the Planescape Torment novel, which I think is largely made up of dialogue ripped directly from the game - if any game could be a passable read, it's that.
There's also The Stele Chronicles from TIE Fighter. And on the subject of Star Wars, I do recall one which I don't remember the game it corresponded to, but I recall a moment where a character gave the order to "use the Forzluuk".