Book of the New Sun the people of Urth (Earth millions of years into the future) have to keep moving settlements because;
1) The sun is dying and they have to move closer and closer to the equator so they can grow food
2) Their capital city is so ancient and run down they have to keep moving it upriver to escape the pollution caused by chaotic human habitation and the southernmost bits of the city are filled with ancient ruins and barely human mutants