Civil liberties and press freedom have taken a hit under the Abe administration. The
state secrets law, which gives bureaucrats virtually unchecked discretion to decide what is a state secret, was enacted in 2013; in 2017, it was
an anti-conspiracy law that gives the authorities sweeping surveillance powers over suspected criminals. Yoshihide Suga, the chief cabinet secretary and government spokesman,
has singled out and bullied a particularly inquisitive female reporter. Japan's ranking in the World Press Freedom Index fell from
11th place in 2010 to
67th this year.
Even as it tries to silence its critics, the government has displayed great tolerance for extremist and bigoted views in its midst. Taro Aso, Mr. Abe's deputy prime minister and finance minister, drew criticism in 2008 (when he was the secretary-general of the L.D.P.), by likening the Democratic Party of Japan, then the main opposition group,
to the Nazis, who had brought disaster to Germany. But then in 2013, he
cited Nazi "techniques" as a model for how to revise Japan's pacifist Constitution. ("Germany's Weimar Constitution was changed before anyone knew. It was changed before anyone else noticed. Why don't we learn from that method?") Also in 2013, Shigeru Ishiba, then the secretary-general of the L.D.P., said that public protests against the state secrets bill were "
an act of terrorism." Mr. Abe kept both men in their posts long after they made those comments.
And just last year, Mio Sugita, an L.D.P. lawmaker and protégée of Mr. Abe's, said that same-sex couples "
don't produce children," adding, "they lack productivity and, therefore, do not contribute to the prosperity of the nation."
The Abe government's penchant for
historical revisionism — for glorifying Japan's wartime past, for denying that the Japanese military committed atrocities — is well documented. Several photos have emerged showing the L.D.P.'s policy chief and two members of Mr. Abe's cabinet
with neo-Nazis and far-right hate groups. In 2016, the minister in charge of Okinawa affairs refused to denounce a police officer's pejorative and racist slurs ("
natives," "Chinamen") against protesters opposing the presence of United States military bases in the prefecture. Again, Mr. Abe did not dismiss any of these ministers.
The Abe administration is, in other words, rejecting the rules of the democratic game, denying the legitimacy of its opponents, curtailing the civil liberties of dissenters and tolerating or encouraging some forms of hate speech — all precisely the indicators of budding authoritarianism that the political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt warn about in their 2018 book "
How Democracies Die."