That depends. First, the only public documents in a lawsuit are those that are publicly filed with the court. Discovery documents are not typically filed with the court; usually they are just exchanged between the parties. That said, discovery documents often do find their way into public filings as exhibits or evidentiary offerings made in connection with filed motions, hearings, or trials.
HOWEVER, protective orders are sometimes put in place that limit what discovery can be filed publicly. If the information at issue is particularly sensitive, like a trade secret or other proprietary information, then it is likely a protective order would be sought by the producing party that would prohibit the information from being filed in a way that is accessible to the public. Any such filings would instead be made under seal or in a redacted format.
Thanks for the specifics!