The probe and entire Ash Twin Project has been sitting dormant for millions of years. We're at the end of the universe, the sun naturally goes supernova which triggers the Ash Twin Project failsafe -- the warpcore at the core of Ash Twin opens a blackhole to send data back in time 22 minutes (you can actually watch this happen if you stand in the core while the supernova occurs). This data tells the probe to fire, and the memory statues to activate. Every time this loop occurs the data adjusts to tell the probe to look somewhere else and it does this over 9000 times until the eye is found. Then you stand in front of a statue and your memories become part of the data sent back, keeping you aware that you're in the loop.
I don't think The Interloper caused the sun to explode. It goes into the sun because the sun is already in the process of going supernova, and it expands into its orbit. The Interlopers energy was already released millions of years ago -- the ghost matter which killed the Nomai.
Great, thanks!