"Subsumption" is the system for that here. We hear bits and pieces about it. It'll be important for Squadron 42 too (e.g. ship duties).
I mostly hear about it mostly effecting what missions there are and giving AI a schedule among other things. I was thinking more of factions and special NPCs have their own wants, goals, and needs that they actively purse without the presence or activity of players. They also act and react from the activities of the world ( a stellar phenomena like a solar flare), other NPCs, and players. Think CIG is doing some part of the idea by having NPCs react to the reputation of the player.
https://www.engadget.com/2014/08/21/soe-live-2014-the-revolutionary-intelligence-of-storybricks-ai/
One question that's been on the minds of players is whether or not Storybricks can pull off such a feat: Could NPCs not only react to the changes in their world but actively instigate them based on their attempts to fulfill their desires and goals? After seeing this exact thing illustrated through various time-elapse scenarios, I now know it can!
Because they were a macro view of the system, the demonstrations resembled an RTS map with certain areas controlled by certain races. One of the devs would drop in a catalyst (like adding in the discovery of a gold mine near the wealth-hungry Kobolds) or simply change a variable, and then we sat back and watched as the NPCs reacted. The change in the NPCs' influence was visible via the changing colors on the map as well as by the scrolling text of all the individuals' actions. It was absolutely fascinating to see the ebb and flow of territory control as the NPCs influence waxed and waned, and I personally cannot wait to see it in action on the ground. (In the scenarios of Dark Elves vs. Dryads vs. Shadow Elementals, I'm sad to report that all but one run of the simulation resulted in the total annihilation of the Druids.)
A SC example, the UEE would have goal of expanding, so they will go through a process of colonizing other planets which might include contracting other players,organizations, and NPCs to do jobs, then sending a large fleet to colonize the planet themselves ( by using the mechanics that CIG is creating). This all happens without the players doing really anything.
A example of a reaction, Vanduul might have wanted the planet themselves; so they might attempt to ambush the fleet or if the UEE takes the planet might prepare for an invasion after a time period. This would be a process so it doesn't happen immediately and players can predicate the outcomes. If the Vanndul wants to invade they might send out scouts, then do probing attacks. The goals doesn't have to be that, it can simply be the goal of patrolling their space, or wanting to find uncharted planets. A meteor crashes on a planet the local faction might gather resources from it. Electrical systems was damaged because of a solar flare and act by trying to repair it somehow, etc. I think CIG wanted to have invasions, but I didn't know if it something that just happens because they program to make it happen.
Another example, is that the UEE and Vanduul both control one star system. CIG can spawn another star system in the middle of them. Based on the AI of both the UEE and Vanduul of having the goal of taking the star system, both might openly wage war over the star system.
However, the basic idea is that factions have something they want to do and act on that independent of players( but it can be influenced however). A player can have no idea of an event is happening and once they travel to a star system; they might get involved in a space battle because the factions are duking it out because one fleet intercepted another to stop it from getting to a destination. Usually things like this is scripted or because it has a random chance of happening and typically, the outcome really doesn't affect anything and the overall point is to give something the player to do. Making the Ai this dynamic, could make the game have endless content( that just aren't missions. Players and NPCs just do things.) that has meaning and could mean that even if there aren't any players the universe will still change overtime.
I think CIG wants this to be an end goal of subsumption, but I really didn't hear that and the reason I bring this up is that these types of space sandbox games need to have interesting content, not just scripted events or repetitive missions.